Yes, and that includes genotype (i.e. the genetic constitution of an individual organism like a human being). It is a scientific fact that an individual's genetic make-up has an substantial influence on the development of his/her brain and thereby the nature of the constituent neuroanatomical structures and neural functioning of his/her mature adult brain. The nature of an individual's MIND - of his lived experiential diurnal consciousness and it's components/contents, including: cognitive (including general intelligence or "g-factor", moral reasoning capacity/competence and Executive Functions like Short-Term Working Memory, Sustained Attention, Response Inhibition, etc); Sense Perceptlons (visual, colours, shapes, auditory, olfactory, tactile and so on); Emotions (anger, love, hatred, joy); Moods ( generalized negative affect, for example Melanchltic Depression or positive affect , like hypomania; bipolar affect), bodily sensations like (pains, itches, etc) All of these mental states/events/processes are closely associated/correlated with neural activity rates and types of neural firing glucose metabolism, etc) in different anatomical regions of the brain.
WE do not know how the human brain creates consciousness. That remain a profound enigma. But neuroscientist have demonstrated that there is a close correlation between physical brain activity brain activity and events in consciousness. For instance if I were to give you a 200mcg dose of LSD-25, which is simply a chemical that one can manufacture in a laboratory, about 20 to 30 minutes after you swallowed the LSD tablet, you would experience profound psychedelic phenomena in your mind: swirling, blooming colours, synaesthesia, hallucinated images of fantastical objects, an "expansion of consciousness, such as the experience of conceiving/perceiving insight into the nature absolute Truth/meaning/ultimate reality. What is interesting is that as the dose of LSD taken is increased from, say 50mcg to 100mcg to 15 mcg to 300mcg to 500 mcg the intensity of the psychedelic phenomena experienced becomes more intense and profound. Neuropharmacologists know that LSD binds to 5-HT2a serotonin receptors in the brain and other such "mechanical", pharmacodynamic facts, but SO WHAT ?? The most fascinating question here is how on Earth does this fact (of LSD binding to serotonin receptors in the human brain) explain the concurrent dramatic changes in CONSCIOUSNESS a person who has taken the drug experiences (which are, BTW, very real)?
Finally on the topic of race, intelligence and genetics which is totally taboo in politically correct polite society. In Australia (where I have lived for decades), the scientific community tell us that Black Indigenous Aboriginals lived on the continent for something like 50,000 years before the first British colonists first encountered then in the later part of the 18th century. THey reported that the aboriginals were a primitive, Stone Age, hunter-gatherer people, who had not invented the wheel no practice any kind of agriculture. Their average IQ has been repeatedly measured by psychometricians and found to be between 62 and 64 points, which is drastically low. In the West psychiatrists use the threshold of 70 points to demarcate mental retardation. If you score 70 points or below on a validated, professionally administered IQ test you are diagnosed as having mental retardation. What it means is that in modern-day Australia which is a majority White -Anglo nation, where the population of White descendants of the original English colonists have an average IQ of 100 points and have build an advanced, industrialized Western society like the US or UK, the native Black Aboriginal cannot function adaptively in society because they do do have the cognitive ability. The result is tragic, on the one hand they enjoy having access to all the fruits of advanced Western society: iPhones, Lap-Tops, Fast Food, motor car/trucks, modern medicines, mod-cons, etc; but on the the hand they simply cannot integrate successfully into a modern Western society because they are, to put it bluntly too stupid. If you think of any antisocial, maladaptive, dysfunctional behaviour: drug abuse/addiction, domestic abuse, violent and property crime, child sexual abuse (the result of watching Western pornography), poor health, high rates of chronic unemployment and government welfare dependency, high rates of youth mental illness/suicide and so on and so on. It is heartbreaking and for many decades the Federal government has injected countless billions of dollars into social, educational and health, etc programs in order to try and remedy the problem. But, NOTHING has ever made a positive difference, nothing the Federal government has ever done - and it truly has bent over backwards since the 1970s to help the Aboriginal peoples (with, I must add the keen support and good will of the White Australian public, who have footed a hefty bill over decades for legion support programs and initiatives of every kind, in tax dollars) - has changed things one iota.
Why ?
Because, although a mainstream scientist is not permitted to say it, Twin Studies show that IQ is highly heritable, that is it seems to be largely determined geneticically. The American Psychological Association, who are about as "buttoned - down" and conservative a group as you can get, have stated that in adults general intelligence is about 70% to 80% determined genetically. That means it is basically FIXED.
So if you are an Australian Aboriginal adult with an accurately measured IQ of , say, 66 points - (that officially indicates "mental retardation" in the West, and you can quibble all you like about an IQ of 70 points being an arbitrary cut-off for mental retardation, but if YOU were actually forced meet and spend some time chatting with adults whose IQ was below 70 points, I think YOU would be the first one to say," For Fucks Sake that person/s was really fucking dumb !! ) - and you are living in a society where the average IQ is about 100 points, to put it bluntly , you're fucked. There is no program, no form of education, no drug, or medical treatment or psychological therapy that we have in the advanced, technological West in the year 2020, that will be able to successfully raise your IQ. In the future ? Who knows? But right now, the kind of medical technology that could effectively and safely raise a low IQ to, say, a normal- level IQ does not exit. Just the bioethical implications alone of actually doing something like this, if scientists in the future ever claimed one day that it was theoretically possible, would be mind-blowing.
I am not a racist, BTW, in my youth I worked with many Native Australian Aboriginal do labouring jobs on big farms (we call "properties or "stations" in Australia, clearing peach weeds from crops of cotton with a hoe, moving herds of sheep/cattle to agistment paddocks, loading big trucks with hundreds of 15 kg bags of wheat or "Milo" to be taken to market, keeping the floor of the shearing sheds clear for the professional shears as the cut the woolen fleece of sheep (that was like keeping these hair that falls on a barber shop floor constantly swept up and disposed up only it hard, non-stop work, doing general maintenance on sheds and pig styes and horse stables - all sorts of things, in order to help pay for the costs of my University expenses during end of-term vacations, etc. I often worked closely with native aboriginal in teams of up to 15 or 20 labourers that were called "gangs". I found them to be gentle and child-like people; at lunch-times if you didn't have a great deal of your own food, they insisted on sharing their "tucker" with you. They treated me badly in any way, even though I was very often the only white dude in a gang of 20 Aboriginal workers who had been hired by the owner of the property.
There are many White liberals in Australia, often stupid, "woke", (female) race industry activists and/or neo-Marxist/Postmodernist, who encourage Australian Aboriginals to believe that they are victims of transgenerational psychic trauma - a kind of post traumatic stress syndrome that each generation of indigenous Black Aboriginals have transmitted to the next generation beginning with the massive injustice those who were contemporaries of the original British colonists of the late 18th century were deal by the white 'invaders". It began when, in 1770, Captain James Cook declared Australia "terra nullis" (a latin legal term meaning, "Nobody's Land"), hoisted the "Union Jack" (i.e. the Union Flag), and seized "New South Wales" - (which is what Cook called Australia at the time) as a new possession of the British Crown, thus dispossessing Aboriginals as the rightful owners of the land. Australia is a very large continent, and with the arrival of the British there was still plenty of room for all. We are told, however, that the Aboriginal people have a very deep spiritual "connection" with the land, and this was a cause of conflict when the local native tribes were ousted from the coastal lands where the British colonists began to build their first settlements. However it seems to me that most aboriginals in 2020 would prefer to be close to "land" that provided a good source of Western goods and services (tobacco, alcohol, nutritious food, Western clothing and foot-ware, hospitals, ATM machines, medicines/pharmacies, doctors' clinics and other commodities than a primitive , traditional existence on any sacred traditional land living as they had for most of the past 65,000 years before the arrival of the British Westerners and their culture. The same "woke" White Australian socialists actually created an entire "bumph" history detailing genocidal massacres of Australian Aboriginals and an infamous claim that the White Anglo Australian political establishment attempted to eradicate the entire Aboriginal culture by "stealing" half-caste Aboriginal children aged (mostly) five or below from their families and adopting them out to White middle-class, married couples, or placing them in institutions. 50,000 to 100,000 thousand Aboriginal children were said to have been "stolen" from their families - often forcefully - by state and federal government officials and authorized religious missionaries between (roughly) 1910 and 1970. The truth is that there were no enormous massacres, nor were 50,000 to 100,000 Aboriginal children taken from their families, it was all lies. There was, of course fighting between Aboriginals and British colonists but the numbers of British and Aboriginal combatants killed in any of the documented battles that took place were very modest; around150 (in total), at worst. As for the "stolen" Aboriginal children, they were victims in a Hitlerian eugenics project whose goal to eliminate the Aboriginal race. It turns out that about 8, 250 Aboriginal children were taken from their families by state and federal authorities because there were being sexually abused by their fathers and other male relatives, they were living in welfare camps and filthy shanty establishments riddled with alcoholism and domestic violence, they were malnourished infected with syphilis and/ or gonorrhea, etc, etc.. Most of the Aboriginal children taken were half-castes who had a White father and thus were not necessarily accepted by the tribal elders. During the same period of 60 to 70 years a proportionate number of White Australian children were taken from their parents for exactly the same kinds of reason. Namely, their heath and physical/mental well-being had been placed in serious jeopardy, due to unacceptable parental neglect or abuse and they need to be placed in the care of responsible and diligent new "parents."
The guy who exposed the false racist history of Australia was a traditional, historian called Keith Windschuttle. Windschuttle is "old school", he sensed that the modern "woke" historiographies denouncing White Australia's outrageous abuse and massacre of Indigenous Aboriginals since the late 18th century were suspect, ditto the infamous, shameful scandal of the "Stolen Generation" of Aboriginal Children (as they came to be called by the Media). Slowly and meticulously - (God only knows how long it took him !) - Windschuttle located all of the relevant archives from where ever they were stored around Australia and looked up the number of Aboriginal children who were taken into custody for every year that the various state authorities and the Federal authority kept records which ran from the late 1890's to 1970 and the name and age of each Aboriginal child, why they were taken from their biological parents, were t where they were resettled, whether they kept in periodic contact with their natural parents and so. He did the same with the records of Aboriginal battle casualties dating back to the early 1800s, and discovered that the blood-drenched massacres of Aboriginals that the British colonial troops were said to have carried out in Tasmania were all pure myth and legend.
Dachshund
ROTFL
, etc - AND NOT HEARD !).
). That is probably why Derrick Bell was, and still is, Barack Obama's favorite professor of all during his days as a student. Probably the the most important name behind modern Critical Race Theory is Kimberle Crenshaw who worked on CRT at Columbia University in the late 1980. Crenshaw, a Black African - American, like Bell, was similarly educated and later employed at such elite, prestigious American Universities as: Harvard; Harvard Law School; Stanford; UCLA School of Law; Columbia and so on.
); the economic system of free-market capitalism set down by the Scottish Enlightenment economist, Adam Smith, in 1776; the US system of Republican representative (liberal) democracy was also a legacy of the Western "Enlightenment".
