Civilization is held together by a competency hierarchy.
It is mostly a question of cooperation. A competency hierarchy is impossible where there is no voluntary compliance with the rules. Such a system cannot be a matter of emotional embrace of primitive instincts such as fairness and empathy because those instincts evolved for an environment that is easy but unstable. Instincts or emotions are organic but civilization is abstract. Civilization creates a harsh but stable environment. While are emotions evolve for a hunter gather society they are at odds with civilization.
What is wrong with socialism is it defaults to the primitive instincts of tribal hunter gather environment. In such an environment resources are not produced they are gather and stability is irrelevant because the group acts with little cooperation and if resources are depleted the group moves on. Agriculture changed all that.
Agriculture should be understood to be distinct from subsistence farming. Agriculture is highly abstract and designed for excess production. Excess production that is key to the division of labor that makes civilization possible.
Agriculture seems to have first developed in the area between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. Most likely by people pushed there by stronger tribes who occupied those area more suited for hunting and gathering. It is a harsh and unforgiving environment but one that is unusually stable. Excess agricultural production was only possible through the highly abstract organization of irrigation. Here the harsh but stable nature of civilization was established.
Once agriculture was established it changed the nature of society. It requires unbending commitment to the unrelenting necessity to defend a spot of ground. No longer can a tribe simply move on or offer a poorly organized defense of a territory. To defend a spot of ground requires a competent, well planned, high organized and cooperative hierarchical organization. The harsh reality was that the instincts for fairness and empathy had to be sublimated for survival.
Civilization grew out of this hierarchy of competence, excess agricultural production, and cooperative organized competition. Those that were poor farmers became workers while the competent became land owners as a matter of necessity.
The natural and emotionally satisfying instincts for just enough to get by that characterizes hunter gather societies is a death knell for civilization. As are the instincts for fairness which are disconnected from productivity.
The easy but unstable environment we are evolved for should not be confused with pleasant. Rousseau and later Marx would have us follow our instincts and return to the utopia of the garden of Eden but it is an illusion. The Noble savage is fair and empathetic but unstable. The fast lifestyle that is appropriate for the natural environment where fitness is a matter of indiscriminate breeding and the hierarchy is largely based on social networking is not really pleasant but one of extreme poverty and periodic violence. We have recreated that environment in our inner cities. An environment where indiscriminate breeding, resource gathering not production, social hierarchy by networking into gangs and random violence determine fitness.