Persecution of Galileo was caught up in the politics of the counter reformation, and that combined with his belligerent and repellant personality, is what got him in trouble.
The church was open to evaluating his hypothesis, and accepting it if it was convincing. The papacy had their own scientists (the Jesuits) look at Galileo's work, but they decided it simply was not compelling enough scientifically to accept at that time.
Galileo simply did not have the mathematics and mechanics to support his hypothesis.
What Galileo had was a hypothesis. Not a comprehensive theory.
We had to wait for Newton's mechanics and math to convince ourselves that the Galilean-Keplarian view of the solar system was the correct one.
"In 1633, the Inquisition of the Roman Catholic Church forced Galileo Galilei, one of the founders of modern science, to recant his theory that the Earth moves around the Sun. Under threat of torture, Galileo – seen facing his inquisitors – recanted. But as he left the courtroom, he is said to have muttered, ‘all the same, it moves’. "
https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg13618460-600-vatican-admits-galileo-was-right/
"Vatican admits Galileo was right"
Waiting 350 years to admit they were wrong doesn't really strike me as "Biblical literalism is not a tenet of Roman Catholicism". I think you have no idea what you are talking about.