Bennett was right that content and teacher quality were neglected for decades. He was wrong that they are the most important parts.
Parents dominate the variance. Bennett himself said the parent is the child’s most important teacher. The Coleman Report and decades of follow-up work keep finding the same pattern: family background, home language environment, and parental expectations explain more of the outcome gap than curriculum documents or the adult standing in front of the room. A strong teacher in a weak home still loses more often than a mediocre teacher in a strong home.
“What’s being taught” is not self-executing. A content-rich sequence (the thing Bennett spent years promoting) only works if students retrieve it, apply it, and care enough to persist. Knowledge that is never practiced or connected to prior knowledge evaporates. Pedagogy, feedback loops, time-on-task, and classroom order are not secondary details; they determine whether the content actually lands. Hattie’s syntheses put teacher-student relationships, formative assessment, and student self-efficacy in the same high-impact range as “who’s teaching.”
Teacher quality is real and hard to scale. Value-added studies (Chetty et al.) show large long-run effects. That does not mean we can simply identify the bottom 5 percent and replace them at will. Measurement is noisy, political resistance is high, and the supply of high-value-added teachers is limited. “Who’s teaching it” therefore collapses into recruitment, training, working conditions, and retention—none of which Bennett’s two-factor slogan addresses.
The “what” is contested for a reason. Bennett wanted a specific canon plus character. Others want different canons or no canon. Declaring content “the most important part” simply relocates the fight to who writes the scope-and-sequence. It does not settle it.
A more accurate ranking, consistent with both the research and Bennett’s own fuller writings, is roughly: family and student variables first, then school ethos and safety, then teacher quality and curriculum implemented together, then everything else. Compressing that into “what’s taught and who’s teaching” is useful rhetoric. It is incomplete analysis.